5G will coexist with existing wireless networks, including LTE-A, NB-IoT and  Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies. It is important to understand how 5G will enhance IoT applications, over and above the connectivity options available today. Some of the notable opportunities include: • Video-intensive applications: with a theoretical bandwidth of 10,000 Mbps available in 5G,  […]

There are two solutions: 1. The VoLTE call will make handover to CS domain of UTRAN or GERAN if VoIP service is not supported in target networks. This handover type is called SRVCC, with longer name Single Radio Voice Call Continuity. 2. The VoLTE call will make handover to PS domain of UTRAN or GERAN […]

The ultimate goal of deploying 5G is to replace all of the networks we currently use to stay connected to the internet, not just the mobile networks but also hardwired networks and Wi-Fi. The potential for businesses is massive as it will increase their ability to support mobile workers and remote locations that may not […]

The reason of naming  “new radio” is that this air interface will not be backward compatible with any 4G standards such as LTE⁃Advanced⁃pro. This new radio interface can be deployed stand⁃alone, i.e., an independent network not relying on other networks. NR can also be deployed in non⁃stand⁃alone fashion, i.e., along with LTE⁃Advanced⁃pro, since LTE evolution […]

Inter-cell interference is the most interesting aspect in the LTE radio interface regarding radio quality and throughput of specific connections between the UE and network. As in 3G UMTS, neighbor cells in LTE operate on the same frequency in UL and DL. So, the DL signals of all cells received at a certain geographic position […]

3G and 3.5G are used for old Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems. 3G is UMTS and 3.5G is UMTS with High-speed packet access (HSPA or HSPA+). 3G(UMTS) data rate up to 2Mbits/sec but 3.5G(HSDPA) UP To 14.4MBits/secs. The main Tech. difference it that HSDPA uses AMC scheduler.

Operators started to rely Unlicensed spectrum due to the below reasons : Mobile Network operators (MNOs) continue to experience a phenomenal increase in mobile data consumption driven by increased adoption of smartphones, emergence of new applications, video and the younger generation’s dependence on always being connected. The cellular operators do want to be able to […]

I will post the details in separate article for each technology.