Why Most LTE Operators Manage Voice Calls via CS-Fallback Function?

Traditionally, voice services have been provided over circuit switched (CS) networks in wireless systems. But LTE is a purely packet switched (PS) system and, thus, requires the deployment of IMS in the operator’s Core Network to integrate voice services and to ensure Quality of Service and adequate charging mechanisms. Nevertheless, most current commercial systems do […]

What Is 5G RAN-Based Notification Area?

In LTE systems, the MME is responsible for assigning Tracking Area (TA) to each registered UE. In 5G, however, There’s a new concept called RAN-based Notification Area (RNA). When the UE moves out of the RNA cell list, it needs to report its location change similar to the TAU concept in LTE, which is called RAN-based Notification […]

What Is the Evolved Packet Core?

The EPC is continuous from the GPRS, which is used for mobile data services. GPRS was first a packet switched (PS) mobile data service introduced in 3GPP release 97. The main difference between PS data service and CS data service is that PS data service does not have a constant resource reservation and the usage […]

What Is the TTI Bundling in 4G?

4G radio has been built for low latency and high data rates, but delivering proper coverage needs further optimization procedures. Adaptive multirate (AMR) voice packets arrive every 20 ms and can be transmitted in 1 ms TTIs. This allows the terminal power amplifier to transmit only for a short time which makes uplink coverage problematic. […]

What Is 5G New Radio (NR)?

5G NR is equivalent to how the mobile communications industry has used LTE to describe 4G technology or UMTS to describe 3G technology. 5G NR introduces a flexible air interface to strengthen various types of services expected with 5G. 5G NR deployments are planned predominantly in the 3.5 GHz and 28 to 29 GHz frequency […]

What Are the Most Important 5G Technology Keys?

In fact, 5G will be different than the previous mobile generation at all domains.      1- 5G Spectrum It’ll support different range of frequency bands FR1 or Sub 6GHz and it will be suitable for more coverage and capacity demands and FR2 or called mmWave that will be more for high capacity demands as […]

Why Is CUPS Important in 5G?

Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) isn’t a new concept in the wireless world , It’s part of 3GPP release 14. CUPS is essential to 5G networks because it allows operators to separate the evolved packet core (EPC) into a control plane that can sit in a centralized location and for the user plane to be […]

What Are 5G Features?

I can conclude the answer in few points: Estimated 10 Gbps broadband speeds with peaks 10 Gbps. Automate many network behaviors. Unified system for wired,wireless and satellite services. Offer platform-enabling services for vertical market. Accelerate service delivery at low cost. Use Network Slicing to deploy multiple vertical 5G Networks on common infrastructure.  

How Can 5G Exist in Unlicensed Band?

As 5G NR operating bands to an already overcrowded and congested spectrum increases the risk for interference with other wireless communications.  5G devices will need to operate in adjacent cellular bands, and sometimes within the same spectrum as other existing wireless communications systems, unlicensed spectrum, and satellite and radar applications. 5G COEXISTENCE IN UNLICENSED SPECTRUM […]

Is AI Important in 5G?

It is clear that 5G services without the added artificial intelligence wouldn’t ease the creation of a business case for 5G. For instance, in the last “MWC2019“, South Korea’s KT showed their 5G V2X connected car service that allows the driver in case of medical emergency to automatically control the connected vehicle remotely. The company […]

Is there BCCH in 5G NR?

Simply, like LTE, There’s BCCH channel at 5G NR and its function is transmission of system information from the network to all devices in a cell. Before accessing the system, a device needs to get the system data to figure out how the system is configured and to know how to behave well within a cell. […]