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Most people see 5G as higher throughput. However, Engineers see something deeper: the SDAP layer (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) — a new 5G protocol that fundamentally changes how QoS is handled on the air interface. We talk a lot about monetizing 5G, but we rarely look at the mechanics that actually make it possible. TE […]

GSMA has identified a critical need for an average of 2 to 3 GHz of mid-band spectrum per country by 2030, noting the consequences of a shortage of mid-band bandwidth, including Network Cost, as operators must build 3–5x more towers (densification) to maintain speeds, significantly raising consumer prices and Urban congestion where data speeds could […]

In my first post of 2026, I’d like to share a brief, practical overview of the radio spectrum—the actual blood of connectivity. The ITU Radio Regulations govern global spectrum use to ensure harmonised operation and to prevent cross-border interference. For regulatory purposes, the world is divided into three ITU Regions: Region 1: Africa, Europe, and […]

When we talk about mobile network performance—coverage, speed, latency—we often focus on spectrum, RAN, or core evolution. Yet, Backhaul remains one of the most critical (and sometimes underestimated) components of the mobile telecom ecosystem. Backhaul is the segment that connects radio access sites (base stations) to the core network. As networks evolve from 3G → […]

Many people ask: “5G NSA or even 5G SA already gives great speed, latency and quality – so why do operators now push 5G-Advanced (3GPP Rel-18) to consumers, not just enterprises?” Yes, the commercial/marketing side is essential. But there is also a powerful technical story behind 5G-Advanced – and honestly, the differences vs. “plain” 5G SA are clear. […]