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In my first post of 2026, I’d like to share a brief, practical overview of the radio spectrum—the actual blood of connectivity. The ITU Radio Regulations govern global spectrum use to ensure harmonised operation and to prevent cross-border interference. For regulatory purposes, the world is divided into three ITU Regions: Region 1: Africa, Europe, and […]

When we talk about mobile network performance—coverage, speed, latency—we often focus on spectrum, RAN, or core evolution. Yet, Backhaul remains one of the most critical (and sometimes underestimated) components of the mobile telecom ecosystem. Backhaul is the segment that connects radio access sites (base stations) to the core network. As networks evolve from 3G → […]

Many people ask: “5G NSA or even 5G SA already gives great speed, latency and quality – so why do operators now push 5G-Advanced (3GPP Rel-18) to consumers, not just enterprises?” Yes, the commercial/marketing side is essential. But there is also a powerful technical story behind 5G-Advanced – and honestly, the differences vs. “plain” 5G SA are clear. […]

Short answer: No — and here’s why. Imagine buying a new 5G phone only to discover it uses one RF chain. What would that mean for your experience? Would the performance still feel “5G”? And is a single-antenna 5G device even allowed? Why You Bought a 5G Phone? One of the primary motivations for upgrading […]

Fiber is the king of capacity — but Microwave is the knight of speed, flexibility, and reach. The choice between fiber and microwave is not about which is “better,” but which is right for the location and region as well. When 5G first emerged, the industry consensus was that #fiber would be the only viable backhaul […]