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The next mobile cell site may not stand on a rooftop, tower, or mountain ridge. It may fly in the stratosphere. High Altitude Platform Stations, or HAPS, are emerging as a practical way to extend mobile coverage directly to ordinary devices in areas where terrestrial networks are unavailable, uneconomic, or disrupted. However, turning a stratospheric […]

3GPP Release 18 introduces an important enhancement to millimeter-wave user equipment performance: support for more capable downlink reception in FR2 through simultaneous multi-beam operation. While this may not sound as headline-grabbing as wider bandwidths or higher peak data rates, it addresses one of the practical UE-side limitations that has historically affected mmWave performance. The limitation […]

The D2D satellite market is evolving through distinct implementation paths — proprietary, pre-standard, and 3GPP-defined. Understanding the difference is key to navigating what’s real, what’s coming, and what belongs to which ecosystem. Conversations about direct-to-device (D2D) satellite connectivity frequently collapse very different technologies into a single category. Apple’s emergency SOS, Starlink’s T-Mobile partnership, and Skylo’s […]

Have you heard of Fixed, Mobile, and Satellite Convergence (FMSC) before? Fixed, Mobile, and Satellite Convergence (FMSC) is redefining connectivity by unifying terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks into a single intelligent system—ensuring seamless service continuity anywhere on Earth. As each network type brings unique advantages and trade-offs: for example, fixed networks offer high capacity and stability […]

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing: A Proven Transition Enabler, Not a Long-Term 5G Strategy Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) emerged as one of the most pragmatic tools in the 4G-to-5G transition, offering operators a way to accelerate 5G deployment without waiting for fully cleared or newly dedicated spectrum. At its core, DSS enables operators to run LTE and […]