URLLC use cases can have very stringent latency requirements, as low as 5 ms for end-to-end latency. Taking into consideration the various factors of the end-to-end network, the budget for the air interface delay can be very tight (for instance, 1 ms or even less). To reach low latency, every and each step of the […]

The Problem: VoLTE Coverage Reasons:  VoLTE deployments have targeted use of high definition voice codes such as AMR 12.65 kbps for improved voice quality, while many 2G/3G voice network designs have been based on lower rate narrow band voice even AMR 5.9 kbps, which can provide larger coverage since fewer bits need to be sent. […]

The ITU proposed several globally bands in mmWave spectrum as below:  24.25–27.5 GHz; 37–40.5 GHz; 42.5–43.5 GHz; 45.5–47 GHz; 47.2–50.2 GHz; 50.4–52.6 GHz; 66–76 GHz; 81–86 GHz. Frequency bands within the scope of the present Release 15 work in 3GPP are for this reason divided into two frequency ranges Frequency range 1 (FR1) includes all […]

Traditionally, voice services have been provided over circuit switched (CS) networks in wireless systems. But LTE is a purely packet switched (PS) system and, thus, requires the deployment of IMS in the operator’s Core Network to integrate voice services and to ensure Quality of Service and adequate charging mechanisms. Nevertheless, most current commercial systems do […]

In LTE systems, the MME is responsible for assigning Tracking Area (TA) to each registered UE. In 5G, however, There’s a new concept called RAN-based Notification Area (RNA). When the UE moves out of the RNA cell list, it needs to report its location change similar to the TAU concept in LTE, which is called RAN-based Notification […]

The EPC is continuous from the GPRS, which is used for mobile data services. GPRS was first a packet switched (PS) mobile data service introduced in 3GPP release 97. The main difference between PS data service and CS data service is that PS data service does not have a constant resource reservation and the usage […]

4G radio has been built for low latency and high data rates, but delivering proper coverage needs further optimization procedures. Adaptive multirate (AMR) voice packets arrive every 20 ms and can be transmitted in 1 ms TTIs. This allows the terminal power amplifier to transmit only for a short time which makes uplink coverage problematic. […]

5G NR is equivalent to how the mobile communications industry has used LTE to describe 4G technology or UMTS to describe 3G technology. 5G NR introduces a flexible air interface to strengthen various types of services expected with 5G. 5G NR deployments are planned predominantly in the 3.5 GHz and 28 to 29 GHz frequency […]

In fact, 5G will be different than the previous mobile generation at all domains.      1- 5G Spectrum It’ll support different range of frequency bands FR1 or Sub 6GHz and it will be suitable for more coverage and capacity demands and FR2 or called mmWave that will be more for high capacity demands as […]

Control and User Plane Separation (CUPS) isn’t a new concept in the wireless world , It’s part of 3GPP release 14. CUPS is essential to 5G networks because it allows operators to separate the evolved packet core (EPC) into a control plane that can sit in a centralized location and for the user plane to be […]

I can conclude the answer in few points: Estimated 10 Gbps broadband speeds with peaks 10 Gbps. Automate many network behaviors. Unified system for wired,wireless and satellite services. Offer platform-enabling services for vertical market. Accelerate service delivery at low cost. Use Network Slicing to deploy multiple vertical 5G Networks on common infrastructure.