Carrier Aggregation (CA) combines multiple frequency blocks (Component Carriers) into a single larger channel, boosting speed, capacity, and coverage. It’s been around since 4G, but in 5G it’s evolved into […]
Carrier Aggregation in 4G vs. 5G — Why It’s the Backbone of Modern Mobile Networks
Have you ever seen “5G-A” or “5.5G” on your phone?
Have you ever seen “5G-A” or “5.5G” on your phone? Do you care about the icon… or only the experience you actually feel? That little 5GA logo (like the one […]
5G-Advanced (3GPP Rel-18) is moving from concept to implementation—but the device ecosystem is still early
5G-Advanced, standardized in 3GPP Release 18, is now shifting from “spec on paper” to real-world commercial rollouts. While operator deployments and feature roadmaps are accelerating, the device ecosystem remains in […]
India Opens Lower 6 GHz to Licence-Free Wi-Fi: What It Means for Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7
In January 2026, India’s Department of Telecommunications (DoT) announced that the lower 6 GHz band (5925–6425 MHz) can be used license-free for Low-Power Indoor (LPI) and Very-Low-Power (VLP) Wi-Fi and […]
5QI vs. QCI: The Silent Revolution in the RAN
Most people see 5G as higher throughput. However, Engineers see something deeper: the SDAP layer (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) — a new 5G protocol that fundamentally changes how QoS is […]
Does the world really need 3 GHz BW of Mid-Band before 2030?
GSMA has identified a critical need for an average of 2 to 3 GHz of mid-band spectrum per country by 2030, noting the consequences of a shortage of mid-band bandwidth, […]
ITU Regions and Radio Spectrum Allocation
In my first post of 2026, I’d like to share a brief, practical overview of the radio spectrum—the actual blood of connectivity. The ITU Radio Regulations govern global spectrum use […]
Backhaul: The Hidden Engine Powering Mobile Networks
When we talk about mobile network performance—coverage, speed, latency—we often focus on spectrum, RAN, or core evolution. Yet, Backhaul remains one of the most critical (and sometimes underestimated) components of […]
Why are operators launching 5G-Advanced if users are already happy with 5G?
Many people ask: “5G NSA or even 5G SA already gives great speed, latency and quality – so why do operators now push 5G-Advanced (3GPP Rel-18) to consumers, not just […]
Is it practical to have a 5G device without MIMO? or with 8×8 MIMO?
Short answer: No — and here’s why. Imagine buying a new 5G phone only to discover it uses one RF chain. What would that mean for your experience? Would the […]
Fiber is the Long-Term Ideal — But Microwave made 5G Real
Fiber is the king of capacity — but Microwave is the knight of speed, flexibility, and reach. The choice between fiber and microwave is not about which is “better,” but […]