SMS, Short Message Service, is a secure system that helps protect your customers’ and employees’ data and allows you to contact all users who have a mobile phone. ? In […]
SMS Evolution from 2G to 5G
Open RAN Main Elements
The open radio access network or Open RAN can be broadly divided into the following three elements: Open interfaces that combine RAN equipment from a variety of vendors. Virtualization (i.e., […]
3GPP RAN Technical Specifications Groups (TSGs)
3GPP consists of three Technical Specifications Groups (TSGs) where TSG RAN (Radio Access Network) is responsible for the definition of functions, requirements, and interfaces of the Radio Access. TSG RAN […]
What is The Relation between eCPRI, Option 7, Option 7-2x and Split E?
The increase in data rates in 5G makes it impractical to continue with the conventional CPRI fronthaul implementation. Moving towards a higher layer split would relax the latency and bandwidth […]
Why CPRI is not used in 5G Network?
As I received many messages during the last week about the eCPRI topic in 5G and OpenRAN, I prepared some notes about this. eCPRI is replacing the CPRI protocol in 5G to reduce […]
Energy Usage Resources in Mobile Network Operators (MNOs)
There’re many factors that impact the energy consumption in the mobile network operators, some of them related to climate, population density, and data consumption levels, while others are related to […]
The Role of Hardware Security Module (HSM) in 5G Security?
Security is a driving factor in how 5G networks are built and operated – every element of a 5G network is required to have security controls in place for the […]
What is the Roaming? How It works in 2G Network?
Recently, I received many questions and inquiries about the meaning of Roaming and some interesting questions: What is Roaming? What is the difference between National Roaming and International Roaming? First, […]
Why RAN Must Be OPEN?
RAN (Radio Access Network) is the main telecommunication network component that is located between the core network and users’ equipment (such as a mobile phone). RAN is constituted of a […]
What is Distributed Unit (DU) in Open RAN?
3GPP defined a new RAN architectural in Release 15, where the gNB (Site Name for 5G) is logically split into three entities denoted as: CU: Centralized Unit. DU: Distributed Unit. […]
Time Synchronization is Critical in 5G Open RAN Network
In order to meet the 5G network timing requirements, there is a significant challenge. The challenge is 5G performance requirements driving precise timing needs from cloud to edge. The legacy […]