To synchronize with the cell and decode the Master Information Block (MIB), UE has to decode the SSB block which consists of PSS, SSS, PBCH, and PBCH DMRS. The SS portion of the SS/PBCH block contains the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and the Secondary Synchronization Signal. The PBCH portion of the SS/PBCH block contains the […]

Option 2 allows 5G deployments in areas without 4G coverage but there will be many areas where only LTE or 3G can be used. Voice calls, which start in 5G, therefore, need to be handed over to 4G or 3G to create a seamless voice service experience for the end-user. Let’s look at the voice […]

As 5G Resource Block (RB) concept is different than LTE as 5G RB is one-dimensional only (i.e. Frequency domain) only. 5G NR is 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. Unlike LTE, when RB is 12 subcarriers in frequency domain and 6-7 ofdma symbols in time domain based on the cyclic perfix. The reason behind […]

IMS Support for SA Option 2 and Voice over NR When 3GPP defined 5G in 3GPP Release 15 (Rel-15), the impact on IMS was minimized to assist with 5G deployment. From an IMS point of view, Rel-15 5G Core looks similar to the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC): • The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) remains […]

gNB: is the next-generation base station in 5G.

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In simple words, I prepared this chart.

Cloud-Native computing uses an open-source software stack to deploy applications as microservices, packaging each part into its own container, and dynamically orchestrating those containers to optimize resource utilization. Cloud-native technologies enable software developers to build great products faster”. But this the definition for Cloud-Native, What about its importance for 5G? 5G was developed for an […]

Yes, this is an interesting question, as per the VoLTE call procedure the UE MUST register in IMS to can get Radio access bearer or QCI=5 to can make the registration and IMS signaling.  So we can go through the below steps:  UE should be registered first at the LTE network and has the default […]

IAB: It stands for Integrated Access and Backhaul, It supports wireless backhaul and relay links in-band or out-of-band with access links. Significant 5G NR bandwidth can be split between access and backhaul links, especially in mmWaves. The primary goal of IAB is to: • Improve capacity by supporting networks with a higher density of access […]

5G Spectrum, in general, is divided to three bands: Low Band: Below 1GHz Mid Band: Between 1-6 GHz High Band: mmwave  For the sub 6GHz band, the most commonly used frequency in this range as per GSA as below, I added the details of each frequency range in terms of transmission mode FDD or TDD. […]