5G Core Network  End-to-end flexibility is confirmed to be one of the core features of future 5G networks. This flexibility will result in large part from the introduction of network softwarization, i.e., the network hardware and the software functions are separate. Network softwarization through network functional virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), network slicing and Cloud-RAN […]

Introduction 5G will give a diverse and new set of services and use cases affecting nearly every aspect of our lives. But to exceed all expectations, 5G-enabled services and applications must be delivered securely. For example, 5G will support Massive Internet of Things (MIoT) implementations like traffic sensors and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) services that are the […]

Introduction  The December 2017 deadline for the primary set of New Radio (NR) technical specifications, known as early drop out/December acceleration, was finally achieved. – This acceleration was originally motivated to be updated with proprietary fixed wireless access solutions in mmW. – The early drop out scope is limited to Non Stand Alone (NSA) NR, […]

Introduction: The 5G system has the aspiration of responding to the widest variety of services and implications in the history of mobile and wireless communications listed in: Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). Massive machinetype communications (mMTC). As a response to the needs of these services and applications, the 5G system targets a flexible […]

VoLTE Call Flow: Turing on the VoLTE-enabled devices (e.g., smartphones) connects it to the LTE network infrastructure. Then, two default EPS bearers are assigned – one for SIP signaling with a non-GBR QCI value of 5 and the other for the LTE network with a non-GBR QCI value (from 5 to 9). The QoS Class […]

What Is mmWave?  Millimeter wave is the band of spectrum between 30 to 300 GHz. it is also known as extremely high frequency. This spectrum can be used for high-speed wireless communications since it is wedged between microwave and infrared waves. As used in with the latest 802.11 and Wi-Fi standard (functioning at 60 GHz). […]

Introduction: As the standardization of 5G at the first stage has been successfully completed, 5G networks will be put into commercial use. When deploying 5G networks, carriers have to think about the factors of different 5G network deployment options, this is in addition to the expansion of 5G network coverage and maturity of the terminal […]

Why NB-IoT? The broad spectrum of capabilities is one of the main characteristics of Machine Type Communication (MTC). For instance, surveillance cameras deliver a massive amount of UL data while being almost stationary, while devices for fleet tracking have a fewer amount of data during performing a lot of handovers, devices for meter reading such […]

Introduction  The investigation of the 5G cellular network has been triggered by the great growth of wireless data services driven by mobile Internet and smart devices. The new 5G mobile networks are expected to be deployed around 2020. Several multimedia applications with a huge variety of needs will have to be supported by 5G networks. […]

Introduction  5G is the future network revolution of mobile technology. The characteristics and usability are exceeding human expectations. With its extra high speed, it owns the prospects to change the face of cell phone usability. 5G will improve the mobile network that it will interconnect people, machines, objects, and devices and gain control over many […]

5G aspires to be the unique generation not only fulfill the needs of mobile operators and consumers but also creates fresh potentials and opens an extraordinarily huge diversity of applications and uses, all in a single technology. 5G is setting itself up as an enabler of the digitization of society and the economy.   Consumer […]