Introduction The 2nd phase of 5G is being finalized in 3GPP, with the Rel-16 version of the specifications being frozen around June 2020. The 3GPP Plenary meetings in December 2019 decided the work program for the set of features to be included in Rel-17, which is scheduled for completion 15 months after Rel-16. Release 16 […]

Really I am writing this article due to two reasons, First that I received many questions about Is 5G Safe for Human? and Second that I shocked when I saw some of the social media posts on Facebook and Twitter that point out that the main reason for COVID-19 is 5G or using some 5G […]

Release 16 is designed to be an 18-month project that wraps up at the end of 2019. The three key performance indicators for 5G are faster peak rates (the enhanced mobile broadband, eMBB), more connections per cell (massive machine-type communication, mMTC), and lower latency (ultra-reliable low-latency communications, URLLC). Most of Release 15 focused on the […]

As per the Ericsson Mobility Report, November 2019, by the end of 2025, we expect 5G to have 2.6 billion subscriptions covering up to 65 percent of the world’s population and generating 45 percent of the world’s total mobile data traffic, making it the fastest developing mobile communication technology to have ever been rolled out […]

What is Virtualization? Virtualization means decoupling software from hardware, enabling mobile network operators to handle dynamic and challenging use cases, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive connectivity (mIoT), and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). It allows you to use a physical machine’s full capacity by distributing its capabilities among many users or environments. […]

  At first, we need to identify the meaning of word EN–DC, It’s E-UTRAN New Radio Dual Connectivity. Simply it means the possibility of UE to get simultaneous data from LTE eNB and 5G gNB.  In EN-DC, the radio access network is composed of eNBs (eNodeBs) as the master node and gNBs (gNodeBs) as the […]

I summarized these #10 5G Learned Lessons from #5G_Asia and RCRWireless report about this big event  1- Operators should focus on replacing their legacy networks to pave the way to all IP networks, with new IT infrastructure rather than telco components.  2- A standalone 5G network requires a much more IT-centric approach to can support different use cases […]

15 kHz as 5G Baseline Numerology 5G RRC States In 5G and the previous generations, the device can be in different states depending on the traffic activity. NR device can be in one of three RRC states, RRC_IDLE, RRC_ACTIVE, and RRC_INACTIVE. The first two RRC states, RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED, are similar to the counterparts in […]

In this article, I will explain the Beamforming technique in 5G to compensate for path loss especially in the mmWave spectrum range. As the range of mmWaves is between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, a wavelength is between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters and this is the intensive motive for Beamforming. Beamforming Definition The beamforming […]

As the VoLTE adoption cycle, it took the industry a few years to plan, test, and commercialize new voice services, and I believe VoNR will follow a similar timeline. And since 4G is the foundation for 5G NR deployments, I expect VoLTE to remain the 5G voice solution for many years to come. 5G NSA […]

Duplexing is one of the most important factors that impact the performance of 5G networks in terms of its wide-area coverage. 5G NR gives support to multiple duplex modes, that includes static TDD, FDD, and flexible duplexing. It is expected that 3.5GHz TDD is the first spectrum for early 5G deployments. Static TDD, the UL/DL […]