In previous cellular technologies (LTE, LTE-M, NB-IoT), cell-specific synchronization and reference signals were used. Always-on reference signals were spread over the entire spectrum for precise channel estimation. 5G NR is a completely new approach regarding cell-specific signals. 5G NR only broadcasts a minimum amount of cell-specific signals with a known sequence that can be measured […]

To understand how 5G achieves the higher data rates, we need to dig into Shannon’s Law to see how engineers have tackled each of the limiting factors from previous generations. Shannon’s Law This is a simplified version of Shannon’s Law: Image Source: Waveform.com 5G improves data rates by attacking the first two components of Shannon’s […]

7IN7 is a Weekly Telecom News Program on YouTube to cover on weekly basis the most important 7 news in 7 days Week 1  Saturday 24-10-2020 till Friday 30-10-2020 Week 2 Saturday 31-10-2020 till Friday 06-11-2020 Week 3 Saturday 07-11-2020 till Friday 13-11-2020 Week 4 Saturday 14-11-2020 till Friday 20-11-2020 The Episodes will be updated […]

DSS: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing DSS technology has been introduced by the industry to enable 5G services to be delivered in LTE networks to accelerate the availability of 5G services. Traditionally mobile network operators had two main options to deploy new cellular technologies, as follows: Spectrum re-farming, which re-uses the spectrum licensed by mobile operators migrating […]

Before talking about the challenges of 5G Network planning and optimization in the mmWave band, let’s start with the common question, Why we need mmWave especially for 5G technology? History of High Frequencies in Mobile Communication While high frequencies have been used for point-to-point network backhaul links, cellular carriers have never before made common use […]

The mobile industry is currently discussing Virtualized RAN (vRAN) and Open RAN, but it is vital to distinguish between these two concepts because they represent different approaches. These two initiatives serve different purposes that may often overlap. From a high-level perspective, the two initiatives are described below • vRAN These networks decouple software from hardware […]

One of the big challenges nowadays in 5G technology is the Uplink or UL. Historically, most mobile network traffic has been on the downlink since users have long craved high data speeds to download their favorite videos. With the new normal, and the increase in video conferencing, the uplink traffic increase by up to 40 percent, putting a significant strain on the uplink as per […]

All 5G iPhone 12 models support Dual SIM mode, which refers to the ability to switch between a SIM card and an eSIM operating on independent numbers and/or carriers. However, an image of a training document from Apple’s Sales Web resources called “What you need to know about 5G on iPhone” and posted to Reddit suggests the ‌iPhone 12‌ will […]

Finally, Apple Inc on October 13,202 launched its next-generation iPhone 12, with faster 5G connectivity. The company announced four new iPhones in a virtual event on Tuesday — the iPhone 12, the iPhone 12 Pro, the iPhone 12 Pro Max, and a new, smaller, iPhone 12 mini. All the phones are 5G-equipped, meaning they can […]

One of the most common questions I face every day What is Beamforming? How Beams are formed?, Actually I read some interesting topics from latest Huawei white paper about 8T8R Antenna Beamforming. let’s see the answer.  What are the Principles of 8T8R Beamforming? Beamforming is a digital signal processing technology that can be implemented on […]

Option 3 Introduction The initial deployments of 5G services are based on 5G NSA, also called option-3. The variants of option-3 are option-3, option-3a and option-3x. Option-3/3a/3x is transparent to MME and P-GW and translates to an E-RAB modification procedure at MME. Option-3: Traffic is split across 4G and 5G at eNodeB. Option-3a: Traffic is […]