Regarding the 5G AAU equipment, ZTE recommends using 64T64R AAU in dense urban areas to achieve the highest performance, and 16T16R AAU in urban and suburban areas to make a good balance between coverage and network construction costs. The 64T64R AAU consists of a large number of independent transceiver channels, which can support accurate horizontal […]

Beamforming antennas can be used as coverage or capacity strategy. The array gain from the beamforming process provides higher downlink gain in the service beam and enables higher-order receive diversity in the uplink. This helps improve cell-edge throughput or extend cell-edge coverage for the minimum desired user throughput. One way to evaluate the applicability of […]

What is PEI in 5G? PEI: Permanent Equipment Identifier In 5G, the PEI is the means by which the network identifies the User Equipment (for devices that are capable of accessing a 3GPP network, the PEI will be an IMEI). A Permanent Equipment Identifier (PEI) is defined for the 3GPP UE accessing the 5G System. […]

Ericsson has 34 live 5G networks in 19 countries [till today 13th May 2020] 5G Networks are live as below: AT&T Batelco China Mobile DiGi Eir Elisa Etisalat GCI KDDI KT LG U+ Mobily Magyar Telekom O2 UK Ooredoo Optus Orange Romania SK Telecom STC SoftBank Sprint Swisscom T-Mobile TIM Telenor Norway Telia Norge Telstra […]

Cellular systems are still not enjoying the high capacity and coverage gains that were indicated by advances in communication theory including multiple antennas, better modulation, and near-Shannon error control codes. The reason is that many of these advances neglect conditions found at the cell edge: high path loss, shadowing, and significant interference. WHAT IS THE […]

A very good example for #DSS or Dynamic Spectrum Sharing from Keysight. First 5G Deployment: 5G in 3.5GHz for #Capacity. 700MHz for #Coverage (needs LTE reforming). Second 5G Deployment Phase: Refarming #3G 2100MHz for #LTE. Leave 900MHz for #2G and 3G. Shut down 2G based on M2M Utilization. Next Step: – Fully Introduction for DSS […]

So when we are talking about RAN Evolution, we have to see first the difference between Centralized and Distributed RAN in different mobile generations. For Example, the differences between the different generations are as below 2G was a fully distributed network that means everything was at the cell site (BTS). 3G some of the centralized […]

Benefits of Edge Computing While cloud platforms have been remarkably successful over the last decade, these centralized data centers do not necessarily meet all application needs.   This is where edge computing steps in, with the following unique benefits: • Latency: The edge can provide latency in milliseconds or even less, while multiple hops and […]

As per GSA, Global mobile Suppliers Association, last report April 2020. There are 73 operators in 41 countries that have launched one or more 3GPP compliant 5G services (including 66 mobile and 35 FWA services) up from 63 operators in 35 countries in March.  

5G networks will use Distributed Radio Access Network (D-RAN) and Centralized/Cloud RAN (C-RAN) architectures. Although 4G C-RAN, which physically separates Remote Radio Heads (RHH) from their Baseband Units (BBU) hosted into a centralized location, was essentially closed and proprietary, 5G C-RAN is moving to a more open, increasingly cloud-based architecture based on open standard interfaces. […]

To support the Multi-Vendor connectivity, 3GPP studied the “CU-DU Split” Function, So What is CU and DU? Centralized RAN architectures have a baseband unit (BBU) that handles all baseband processing and is connected to the mobile core over a backhaul network, and to multiple remote radio heads (RRH) through CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) links. In […]