Introduction: The 5G system has the aspiration of responding to the widest variety of services and implications in the history of mobile and wireless communications listed in: Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). Massive machinetype communications (mMTC). As a response to the needs of these services and applications, the 5G system targets a flexible […]

VoLTE Call Flow: Turing on the VoLTE-enabled devices (e.g., smartphones) connects it to the LTE network infrastructure. Then, two default EPS bearers are assigned – one for SIP signaling with a non-GBR QCI value of 5 and the other for the LTE network with a non-GBR QCI value (from 5 to 9). The QoS Class […]

What Is mmWave?  Millimeter wave is the band of spectrum between 30 to 300 GHz. it is also known as extremely high frequency. This spectrum can be used for high-speed wireless communications since it is wedged between microwave and infrared waves. As used in with the latest 802.11 and Wi-Fi standard (functioning at 60 GHz). […]

Introduction: As the standardization of 5G at the first stage has been successfully completed, 5G networks will be put into commercial use. When deploying 5G networks, carriers have to think about the factors of different 5G network deployment options, this is in addition to the expansion of 5G network coverage and maturity of the terminal […]

Why NB-IoT? The broad spectrum of capabilities is one of the main characteristics of Machine Type Communication (MTC). For instance, surveillance cameras deliver a massive amount of UL data while being almost stationary, while devices for fleet tracking have a fewer amount of data during performing a lot of handovers, devices for meter reading such […]

Introduction  The investigation of the 5G cellular network has been triggered by the great growth of wireless data services driven by mobile Internet and smart devices. The new 5G mobile networks are expected to be deployed around 2020. Several multimedia applications with a huge variety of needs will have to be supported by 5G networks. […]

Introduction  5G is the future network revolution of mobile technology. The characteristics and usability are exceeding human expectations. With its extra high speed, it owns the prospects to change the face of cell phone usability. 5G will improve the mobile network that it will interconnect people, machines, objects, and devices and gain control over many […]

5G aspires to be the unique generation not only fulfill the needs of mobile operators and consumers but also creates fresh potentials and opens an extraordinarily huge diversity of applications and uses, all in a single technology. 5G is setting itself up as an enabler of the digitization of society and the economy.   Consumer […]

In the revolutionary time of 5G, newly-emerging communication requirements create hardships on the existing networks when it comes to technologies and business models.     The next-generation mobile network must meet diversified demands. Three categories of 5G mobile network services have been classified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as follows: 1- Enhanced Mobile Broadband […]

Depending on the modulation technique, each symbol stands for bits and each data point represents a different bit pattern.   QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM are used by LTE devices to modulate data and control information. The eNodeB supports all of these modulation techniques for the Down Link direction. However, 64QAM is optional in the Uplink direction. […]

During RRC_CONNECTED mode, if the eNodeB decides that the UE needs to perform LTE inter-frequency and inter-RAT monitoring activities, it will provide the UE with a measurement configuration which includes a monitoring gap pattern sequence. Similar mechanisms exist in UMTS (known as ‘Compressed Mode gaps’ and ‘FACH Measurement Occasions’ depending on the state and capabilities […]