NFV Architectural Framework The architecture that defines traditional network devices is fairly basic because both the hardware and software are customized and tightly integrated. In contrast, NFV allows software developed by the vendors to run on generic shared hardware, creating multiple touch points for management. The NFV architectural framework is developed to ensure that these […]

Option 3 Introduction The initial deployments of 5G services are based on 5G NSA, also called option-3. The variants of option-3 are option-3, option-3a and option-3x. Option-3/3a/3x is transparent to MME and P-GW and translates to an E-RAB modification procedure at MME. Option-3: Traffic is split across 4G and 5G at eNodeB. Option-3a: Traffic is […]

New Lab Demonstration Uses MU-MIMO Technology to Showcase 5G’s Vast Capacity Samsung’s 5G New Radio (NR) Access Unit (AU) supporting 28GHz spectrum. Using two test mobile devices, the demonstration achieved approximately 4.3Gbps speeds on each, reaching an industry peak speed of 8.5Gbps across both devices. In order to achieve the speed, two key technologies were used: carrier aggregation CA and […]

The Latest GSA’s  Report for Q1 2020 As per GSA, the latest report for Q1 2020, 70 commercial 5G networks in 40 countries. What Is CU-DU Function Split? The main reason for CU-DU Split function is the high required front-haul transmission BW in 5G NR that may equal or exceed 160 Gpbs to support the […]

Introduction The 2nd phase of 5G is being finalized in 3GPP, with the Rel-16 version of the specifications being frozen around June 2020. The 3GPP Plenary meetings in December 2019 decided the work program for the set of features to be included in Rel-17, which is scheduled for completion 15 months after Rel-16. Release 16 […]

FCC approves Wi-Fi 6E, allowing unlicensed use of 6 GHz band for Wi-Fi Before going to explain WiFi 6E, First, let’s remember WiFi 6. Wi-Fi 6 and previous generations of Wi-Fi use the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio bands. A “Wi-Fi 6E” device is one that is capable of operating on the 6 GHz […]

Interesting Figure from OoKla about the Mobile Speeds in Europe – France ranks the First for mobile download speed. – Spain showed the fastest mean upload speeds on mobile at 13.12 Mbps during Q3-Q4 2019. Rakuten Mobile Rocks!  When Rakuten will launch 8th April, it will be with one plan only, UN-LIMIT, priced at 2980 […]

Really I am writing this article due to two reasons, First that I received many questions about Is 5G Safe for Human? and Second that I shocked when I saw some of the social media posts on Facebook and Twitter that point out that the main reason for COVID-19 is 5G or using some 5G […]

Release 16 is designed to be an 18-month project that wraps up at the end of 2019. The three key performance indicators for 5G are faster peak rates (the enhanced mobile broadband, eMBB), more connections per cell (massive machine-type communication, mMTC), and lower latency (ultra-reliable low-latency communications, URLLC). Most of Release 15 focused on the […]

As per the Ericsson Mobility Report, November 2019, by the end of 2025, we expect 5G to have 2.6 billion subscriptions covering up to 65 percent of the world’s population and generating 45 percent of the world’s total mobile data traffic, making it the fastest developing mobile communication technology to have ever been rolled out […]